i16.
Madsen Pirie (2006), How to Win Every Argument, pp 92–94. Stephen Toulmin, Richard D. Rieke and Allan Janik (1984), An Introduction to Reasoning, pp 146–147; Frans H. van Eemeren and Rob Grootendorst (1992), Argumentation, Communication and Fallacies, pp 188–194 and 212–213.