e99.
“Republic” is used in this sense by Roger Scruton (2006b), England and the Need for Nations. He writes: “Where citizens are appointed to administer the state, the result is ‘republican’ government”, and adds (in a footnote): “I adopt this definition in order to identify an ideal that has been defended in various forms by Aristotle, Machiavelli, Montesquieu, Kant and the American Founding Fathers. Republic government is not to be contrasted with monarchy (our own government is both) but with absolute rule, dictatorship, one-party rule and a host of other possibilities that fall short of participatory administration.”, p 6.