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David Fleming
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The full text of Deep Ecology’s Basic Principles by Arne Næss and George Sessions is in Bill Devall and George Sessions (1985), Deep Ecology, p 70.

The principles are discussed in Arne Næss, “The Deep Ecology Movement: Some Philosophical Aspects”, Philosophical Enquiry, 8, 1986, revised and reprinted in Andrew Light and Holmes Rolston III, eds. (2002), Environmental Ethics, pp 262–274; in Keller, ed. (2010), pp 240–245; and in Arne Næss (2008), The Shallow and the Deep Ecology Movement, reprinted in Keller, ed. (2010), pp 230–234.

See also Arne Næss (1989), Ecology, Community and Lifestyle.

For Næss’ self-imposed exile on the mountain and the idea of “withdrawal and return”, the classic text is Arnold Toynbee (1933), A Study of History, pp 217–240.

David Fleming
Dr David Fleming (2 January 1940 – 29 November 2010) was a cultural historian and economist, based in London, England. He was among the first to reveal the possibility of peak oil's approach and invented the influential TEQs scheme, designed to address this and climate change. He was also a pioneer of post-growth economics, and a significant figure in the development of the UK Green Party, the Transition Towns movement and the New Economics Foundation, as well as a Chairman of the Soil Association. His wide-ranging independent analysis culminated in two critically acclaimed books, 'Lean Logic' and 'Surviving the Future', published posthumously in 2016. These in turn inspired the 2020 launches of both BAFTA-winning director Peter Armstrong's feature film about Fleming's perspective and legacy - 'The Sequel: What Will Follow Our Troubled Civilisation?' - and Sterling College's unique 'Surviving the Future: Conversations for Our Time' online courses. For more information on all of the above, including Lean Logic, click the little globe below!

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